Writing a New or Custom Port
The Mido port API allows you to write new ports to do practically anything.
A new port type can be defined by subclassing one of the base classes and overriding one or more methods. Here’s an example:
from mido.ports import BaseOutput
class PrintPort(BaseOutput):
def _send(message):
print(message)
>>> port = PrintPort()
>>> port.send(msg)
note_on channel=0 note=0 velocity=64 time=0
_send()
will be called by send()
, and is responsible for
actually sending the message somewhere (or in this case print it out).
Overridable Methods
There are four overridable methods (all of them default to doing nothing):
``_open(self, **kwargs)``
Should do whatever is necessary to initialize the port (for example opening a MIDI device.)
Called by
__init__()
. Thename
attribute is already set when_open()
is called, but you will get the rest of the keyword arguments.If your port takes a different set of arguments or has other special needs, you can override
__init__()
instead.
_close(self)
Should clean up whatever resources the port has allocated (such as closing a MIDI device).
Called by
close()
if the port is not already closed.
_send(self, message)
(Output ports only.)
Should send the message (or do whatever else that makes sense).
Called by
send()
if the port is open and the message is a Mido message. (You don’t need any type checking here.)Raise IOError if something goes wrong.
_receive(self, block=True)
(Input ports only.)
Should return a message if there is one available.
If
block=True
it should block until a message is available and then return it.If
block=False
it should return a message orNone
if there is no message yet. If you returnNone
the enclosingpending()
method will checkself._messages
and return one from there.Note
Prior to 1.2.0 ``_receive()
would put messages inself._messages
(usually via the parser) and rely onreceive()
to return them to the user.Since this was not thread safe the API was changed in 1.2.0 to allow the
_receive()
to return a message. The old behavior is still supported, so old code will work as before.Raise IOError if something goes wrong.
Each method corresponds to the public method of the same name, and will be called by that method. The outer method will take care of many things, so the inner method only needs to do the very minimum. The outer method also provides the doc string, so you don’t have to worry about that.
The base classes are BaseInput
, BaseOutput
and BaseIOPort
(which is a subclass of the other two.)
Locking
The calls to _receive()
and _send()
will are protected by a
lock, left.lock
. As a result all send and receive will be thread
safe.
Note
If your _receive()
function actually blocks instead of
letting the parent class handle it poll()
will not
work. The two functions are protected by the same lock, so
when receive()
blocks it will also block other threads
calling poll()
. In this case you need to implement your
own locking.
If you want to implement your own thread safety you can set the
_locking
attribute in your class:
class MyInput(ports.BaseInput):
_locking = False
...
An example of this is mido.backends.rtmidi
where the callback is
used to feed an internal queue that receive()
reads from.
Examples
An full example of a device port for the imaginary MIDI library
fjopp
:
import fjopp
from mido.ports import BaseIOPort
# This defines an I/O port.
class FjoppPort(BaseIOPort):
def _open(self, **kwargs):
self._device = fjopp.open_device(self.name)
def _close(self):
self._device.close()
def _send(self, message):
self.device.write(message.bytes())
def _receive(self, block=True):
while True:
data = self.device.read()
if data:
self._parser.feed(data)
else:
return
If fjopp
supports blocking read, you can do this to actually block
on the device instead of letting receive()
and friends poll and
wait for you:
def _receive(self, block=True):
if block:
# Actually block on the device.
# (``read_blocking()`` will always return some data.)
while not ``self._messages``:
data = self._device.read_blocking()
self._parser.feed(data)
else:
# Non-blocking read like above.
while True:
data = self.device.read()
if data:
self._parser.feed(data)
This can be used for any kind of port that wants to block on a pipe,
an socket or another input source. Note that Mido will still use
polling and waiting when receiving from multiple ports (for example in
a MultiPort
).
If you want separate input and output classes, but the _open()
and
_close()
methods have a lot in common, you can implement this
using a mix-in.
Sometimes it’s useful to know inside the methods whether the port
supports input or output. The way to do this is to check for the
methods `send()
and receive()
, for example:
def _open(self, **kwargs):
if hasattr(self, 'send'):
# This is an output port.
if hasattr(self, 'receive'):
# This is an input port.
if hasattr(self, 'send') and hasattr(self, 'receive'):
# This is an I/O port.
Attributes
A port has some attributes that can be useful inside your methods.
name
The name of the port. The value is device specific and does not have to be unique. It can have any value, but must be a string or
None
.This is set by
__init__()
.
closed
True if the port is closed. You don’t have to worry about this inside your methods.
_messages
This is a
collections.deque
of messages that have been read and are ready to be received. This is a shortcut to_parser.messages
.
_device_type
(Optional.)
If this attribute exists, it’s a string which will be used in
__repr__()
. If it doesn’t exist, the class name will be used instead.